TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabolic Recruitment in Brain Tissue
AU - Barros, L. F.
AU - Ruminot, I.
AU - Sotelo-Hitschfeld, T.
AU - Lerchundi, R.
AU - Fernández-Moncada, I.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 by the author(s).
PY - 2023/2/10
Y1 - 2023/2/10
N2 - Information processing imposes urgent metabolic demands on neurons, which have negligible energy stores and restricted access to fuel. Here, we discuss metabolic recruitment, the tissue-level phenomenon whereby active neurons harvest resources from their surroundings. The primary event is the neuronal release of K+ that mirrors workload. Astrocytes sense K+ in exquisite fashion thanks to their unique coexpression of NBCe1 and α2β2 Na+/K+ ATPase, and within seconds switch to Crabtree metabolism, involving GLUT1, aerobic glycolysis, transient suppression of mitochondrial respiration, and lactate export. The lactate surge serves as a secondary recruiter by inhibiting glucose consumption in distant cells. Additional recruiters are glutamate, nitric oxide, and ammonium, which signal over different spatiotemporal domains. The net outcome of these events is that more glucose, lactate, and oxygen are made available. Metabolic recruitment works alongside neurovascular coupling and various averaging strategies to support the inordinate dynamic range of individual neurons.
AB - Information processing imposes urgent metabolic demands on neurons, which have negligible energy stores and restricted access to fuel. Here, we discuss metabolic recruitment, the tissue-level phenomenon whereby active neurons harvest resources from their surroundings. The primary event is the neuronal release of K+ that mirrors workload. Astrocytes sense K+ in exquisite fashion thanks to their unique coexpression of NBCe1 and α2β2 Na+/K+ ATPase, and within seconds switch to Crabtree metabolism, involving GLUT1, aerobic glycolysis, transient suppression of mitochondrial respiration, and lactate export. The lactate surge serves as a secondary recruiter by inhibiting glucose consumption in distant cells. Additional recruiters are glutamate, nitric oxide, and ammonium, which signal over different spatiotemporal domains. The net outcome of these events is that more glucose, lactate, and oxygen are made available. Metabolic recruitment works alongside neurovascular coupling and various averaging strategies to support the inordinate dynamic range of individual neurons.
KW - astrocytes
KW - glucose
KW - glycolysis
KW - lactate
KW - mitochondria
KW - neurons
KW - oxygen
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147894989&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021422-091035
DO - 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021422-091035
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36270291
AN - SCOPUS:85147894989
SN - 0066-4278
VL - 85
SP - 115
EP - 135
JO - Annual review of physiology
JF - Annual review of physiology
ER -