Modulation of T-cell mediated immunity by dopamine receptor D5

CD4⁺ T-cells are central players orchestrating antigen-specific immunity and tolerance. Importantly, dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for priming T-cells and for promoting their differentiation from naïve T-cells into appropriate functional cells. Because of their fundamental roles in controlling immunity, activation and differentiation of DCs and CD4⁺ T-cells require tight regulatory mechanisms. Several studies have shown that dopamine, not only mediates interactions into the nervous system, but it can also contribute to the modulation of immunity. Here, we review the emerging role of this neurotransmitter as a regulator of DCs and CD4⁺ T-cells physiology and its consequent involvement, in the regulation of immune response. We specially focus the analysis in the role of dopamine receptor D5 expressed on DCs and CD4⁺ T-cells in the modulation of immunity. We also discuss how alterations in the dopamine-mediated regulation of immunity could contribute to the onset and development of immune-related disorders.