Mechanisms of the effect of magnesium salts in preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous pregnancy-specific syndrome associated with abnormal trophoblast invasion and endothelial dysfunction. Magnesium (Mg ²⁺ ) level may be normal or decreased in women with preeclampsia. However, the use of Mg ²⁺ salts, such as Mg ²⁺ sulphate, are useful in reducing the pathophysiological consequences of preeclampsia with severe features and eclampsia. Although the mechanism of action of this Mg ²⁺ salt is not well understood, the available evidence suggests a beneficial effect of Mg ²⁺ for the mother and foetus. The mechanisms include a lower level of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and endoglin, blockage of brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, decreased inflammation mediators, activation of nitric oxide synthases, blockage of arginases, and reduced free radicals level. The maintenance of Mg ²⁺ homeostasis in pregnancy is crucial for an appropriate pregnancy progression. Oral Mg ²⁺ salts can be used for this purpose which could result in mitigating the deleterious consequences of this syndrome to the mother, foetus, and newborn.