Clinical Conundrum: Spontaneous Paravaginal Venous Plexus Thrombosis Presenting as Acute Lower Pelvic Pain

Acute pelvic pain due to venous thrombosis can be encountered in the context of pelvic congestion syndrome. Some vascular anomalies such as nutcracker syndrome or May–Thurner syndrome may cause left ovarian vein or left iliofemoral vein thrombosis. Smaller parametrial or paravaginal vein thrombi have rarely been reported as aetiologies of acute pelvic pain. We present a case of spontaneous paravaginal venous plexus thrombosis presenting as acute lower pelvic pain in which thrombophilia was diagnosed. Small vein thrombosis or an unusual location of thrombus should prompt vascular studies and a thrombophilia work-up.