Atmospheric Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides and Inhalation Cancer Risk in Urban Areas at Southeast Brazil

Yago Guida*, Gabriel Oliveira de Carvalho, Raquel Capella, Karla Pozo, Adan Santos Lino, Antonio Azeredo, Daniele Fernandes Pena Carvalho, Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga, João Paulo Machado Torres, Rodrigo Ornellas Meire

*Autor correspondiente de este trabajo

Producción científica: Contribución a una revistaArtículorevisión exhaustiva

28 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been produced for almost a century and some of them are still used, even after they have been proved to be toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and prone to long-range transport. Brazil has used and produced pesticides in industrial scales for both agricultural and public health purposes. Urban and industrial regions are of special concern due to their high population density and their increased exposure to chemical pollution, many times enhanced by chemical production, application or irregular dumping. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of OCPs in outdoor air of urban sites from two major regions of southeast Brazil. Some of these sites have been affected by OCP production and their irregular dumping. Deterministic and probabilistic inhalation cancer risk (CR) assessments were conducted for the human populations exposed to OCPs in ambient air. Ambient air was mainly affected by Ʃ-HCH (median = 340 pg m−3) and Ʃ-DDT (median = 233 pg m−3), the only two OCPs registered for domissanitary purposes in Brazil. OCP concentrations tended to be higher in summer than in winter. Dumping sites resulted in the highest OCP atmospheric concentrations and, thus, in the highest CR estimations. Despite of all limitations, probabilistic simulations suggested that people living in the studied regions are exposed to an increased risk of hepatic cancer. Infants and toddlers (0 < 2 y) were exposed to the highest inhalation CRs compared to other age groups. Other exposure pathways (such as ingestion and dermic uptake) are needed for a more comprehensive risk assessment. Moreover, this study also highlights the need to review the human exposure to OCPs through inhalation and their respective CR in other impacted areas worldwide, especially where high levels of OCPs are still being measured.

Idioma originalInglés
Número de artículo116359
PublicaciónEnvironmental Pollution
Volumen271
DOI
EstadoPublicada - 2021

Nota bibliográfica

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Áreas temáticas de ASJC Scopus

  • Toxicología
  • Contaminación
  • Salud, toxicología y mutagénesis

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