TY - JOUR
T1 - Air monitoring of new and legacy POPs in the Group of Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC) region
AU - Rauert, Cassandra
AU - Harner, Tom
AU - Schuster, Jasmin K.
AU - Eng, Anita
AU - Fillmann, Gilberto
AU - Castillo, Luisa Eugenia
AU - Fentanes, Oscar
AU - Ibarra, Martín Villa
AU - Miglioranza, Karina S.B.
AU - Rivadeneira, Isabel Moreno
AU - Pozo, Karla
AU - Aristizábal Zuluaga, Beatriz Helena
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - A special initiative in the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network was implemented to provide information on new and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Group of Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC) region. Regional-scale atmospheric concentrations of the new and emerging POPs hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloroanisole (PCA) and dicofol indicators (breakdown products) are reported for the first time. HCBD was detected in similar concentrations at all location types (<20–120 pg/m3). PCA had elevated concentrations at the urban site Concepción (Chile) of 49–222 pg/m3, with concentrations ranging <1–8.5 pg/m3 at the other sites in this study. Dicofol indicators were detected at the agricultural site of Sonora (Mexico) at concentrations ranging 30–117 pg/m3. Legacy POPs, including a range of organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were also monitored to compare regional atmospheric concentrations over a decade of monitoring under the GAPS Network. γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and the endosulfans significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 2005 to 2015, suggesting regional levels are decreasing. However, there were no significant changes for the other legacy POPs monitored, likely a reflection of the persistency and slow decline of environmental levels of these POPs. For the more volatile OCs, atmospheric concentrations derived from polyurethane foam (PUF) (acting as an equilibrium sampler) and sorbent impregnated PUF (SIP) (acting as a linear phase sampler), were compared. The complimentary methods show a good agreement of within a factor of 2–3, and areas for future studies to improve this agreement are further discussed. Regional scale atmospheric concentrations of hexachlorobutadiene, pentachloroanisole and dicofol are reported for the first time in the GRULAC region, along with concentrations of legacy POPs with only γ-hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfans significantly reducing (p < 0.05) in the region from 2005 to 2015. A comparison study of SIP-PAS vs PUF-PAS demonstrated the applicability of both media for monitoring more volatile POPs.
AB - A special initiative in the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network was implemented to provide information on new and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Group of Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC) region. Regional-scale atmospheric concentrations of the new and emerging POPs hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloroanisole (PCA) and dicofol indicators (breakdown products) are reported for the first time. HCBD was detected in similar concentrations at all location types (<20–120 pg/m3). PCA had elevated concentrations at the urban site Concepción (Chile) of 49–222 pg/m3, with concentrations ranging <1–8.5 pg/m3 at the other sites in this study. Dicofol indicators were detected at the agricultural site of Sonora (Mexico) at concentrations ranging 30–117 pg/m3. Legacy POPs, including a range of organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were also monitored to compare regional atmospheric concentrations over a decade of monitoring under the GAPS Network. γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and the endosulfans significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 2005 to 2015, suggesting regional levels are decreasing. However, there were no significant changes for the other legacy POPs monitored, likely a reflection of the persistency and slow decline of environmental levels of these POPs. For the more volatile OCs, atmospheric concentrations derived from polyurethane foam (PUF) (acting as an equilibrium sampler) and sorbent impregnated PUF (SIP) (acting as a linear phase sampler), were compared. The complimentary methods show a good agreement of within a factor of 2–3, and areas for future studies to improve this agreement are further discussed. Regional scale atmospheric concentrations of hexachlorobutadiene, pentachloroanisole and dicofol are reported for the first time in the GRULAC region, along with concentrations of legacy POPs with only γ-hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfans significantly reducing (p < 0.05) in the region from 2005 to 2015. A comparison study of SIP-PAS vs PUF-PAS demonstrated the applicability of both media for monitoring more volatile POPs.
KW - Atmospheric POPs
KW - Dicofol
KW - GRULAC region
KW - Hexachlorobutadiene
KW - Pentachloroanisole
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056208436&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.048
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.048
M3 - Article
C2 - 30268978
AN - SCOPUS:85056208436
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 243
SP - 1252
EP - 1262
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
ER -