Synergistic Effect of Zinc Oxide–Titanium Dioxide–Graphene Oxide–Sodium Alginate Nanomaterials and Their Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties

Zinc oxide–titanium dioxide/graphene oxide/sodium alginate (ZTGS) nanomaterial was developed by a simple precipitation method. The prepared ZTGS nanomaterial demonstrated structural, optical, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The antibacterial activity tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. ZTGS nanocomposites exhibit higher antibacterial activity than the amoxicillin. The bacterial morphological changes were discovered by SEM analysis; ZTGS were on the surface of bacteria, leading to disruption, disorganization, and piercing into the cell. The ZTGS nanocomposite effects were dose-dependent cytotoxicity of liver cancer cells. These results confirmed that the ZTGS can be employed as a biocidal agent for suitable biomedical industries.