SiO2-Based Nanomaterials as Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents: Potential Applications

SiO2 nanoparticles have emerged as a potential solution for combating bacterial and viral infections due to their unique physicochemical properties. These nanoparticles possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing them to adsorb onto the surface of bacterial and viral cells and disrupt their membrane integrity. Additionally, SiO2 nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to light or heat, which can induce oxidative stress and damage to bacterial and viral cells. However, the use of SiO2 nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents also presents certain challenges and risks, such as their potential toxicity to human cells and the environment. In this chapter, we review the latest research work, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of SiO2 nanoparticles and their potential applications for COVID-19 prevention, detection, and treatment. We also examine the toxicity concerns associated with SiO2 nanoparticles and the need for further research to ensure their safe use. Overall, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in SiO2 nanoparticle research for antimicrobial applications, with a focus on COVID-19 prevention and treatment.