TY - JOUR
T1 - Local and regional sources of organochlorine pesticides in a rural zone in central Chile
AU - Llanos, Yasna
AU - Cortés, Sandra
AU - Martínez, Andrés
AU - Pozo, Karla
AU - Přibylová, Petra
AU - Klánová, Jana
AU - Jorquera, Héctor
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - There is a lack of knowledge about exposure to airborne organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), especially for people living near agricultural zones in developing countries. This study is the first one to measure spatiotemporal variation of airborne OCPs within a major agriculture area in Central Chile. Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed in five sites in the town of Molina (35°7′S, 71°17′W) and another one in the nearby town of Lontué (35°3′S, 71°17′W). Samplers were deployed from August 2016 to January 2018, in 8 periods lasting 2–3 months each. The measured concentrations in air (pg m−3) as geometric mean were α-HCH: 0.59, γ-HCH: 3.8, o,p'-DDT: 1.3, p,p'-DDT: 2.0, o,p'-DDE: 0.52, p,p'-DDE: 5.5, o,p'-DDD: 0.26, p,p'-DDD: 0.64, PeCB: 29.1 and HCB: 14.5. The highest concentrations were measured in the warmer months and negative correlations (p < 0.05) between the log of the concentrations and the inverse of ambient temperature were found, suggesting soil volatilization as the main release process. The exceptions were o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE and HCB. In the case of HCB, waste burning was a likely source. Most OCP concentrations showed significant spatial heterogeneity (p < 0.05), suggesting local source contributions are dominant; the exceptions are α-HCH and PeCB (p > 0.05) whose concentrations depend on regional sources. Backward wind trajectories obtained using NOAA's HYSPLIT identified air masses coming from the south and southwest when ambient concentrations are highest; these regional sources contribute to all ambient OCP concentrations.
AB - There is a lack of knowledge about exposure to airborne organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), especially for people living near agricultural zones in developing countries. This study is the first one to measure spatiotemporal variation of airborne OCPs within a major agriculture area in Central Chile. Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed in five sites in the town of Molina (35°7′S, 71°17′W) and another one in the nearby town of Lontué (35°3′S, 71°17′W). Samplers were deployed from August 2016 to January 2018, in 8 periods lasting 2–3 months each. The measured concentrations in air (pg m−3) as geometric mean were α-HCH: 0.59, γ-HCH: 3.8, o,p'-DDT: 1.3, p,p'-DDT: 2.0, o,p'-DDE: 0.52, p,p'-DDE: 5.5, o,p'-DDD: 0.26, p,p'-DDD: 0.64, PeCB: 29.1 and HCB: 14.5. The highest concentrations were measured in the warmer months and negative correlations (p < 0.05) between the log of the concentrations and the inverse of ambient temperature were found, suggesting soil volatilization as the main release process. The exceptions were o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE and HCB. In the case of HCB, waste burning was a likely source. Most OCP concentrations showed significant spatial heterogeneity (p < 0.05), suggesting local source contributions are dominant; the exceptions are α-HCH and PeCB (p > 0.05) whose concentrations depend on regional sources. Backward wind trajectories obtained using NOAA's HYSPLIT identified air masses coming from the south and southwest when ambient concentrations are highest; these regional sources contribute to all ambient OCP concentrations.
KW - Agriculture
KW - Atmosphere
KW - Backward wind trajectories
KW - Central Chile
KW - Organochlorine pesticides
KW - PUF-PAS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129429647&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101411
DO - 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101411
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85129429647
SN - 1309-1042
VL - 13
JO - Atmospheric Pollution Research
JF - Atmospheric Pollution Research
IS - 5
M1 - 101411
ER -