Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis

Thomas Heran; Jürgen Laudien; Rhian G. Waller; Verena Häussermann; Günter Försterra; Humberto E. González; Claudio Richter

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29620-x

Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis

Thomas Heran^*, Jürgen Laudien, Rhian G. Waller, Verena Häussermann, Günter Försterra, Humberto E. González, Claudio Richter

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Little is known about the biology of cold-water corals (CWCs), let alone the reproduction and early life stages of these important deep-sea foundation species. Through a three-year aquarium experiment, we described the reproductive mode, larval release periodicity, planktonic stage, larval histology, metamorphosis and post-larval development of the solitary scleractinian CWC Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis collected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. We found that C. huinayensis is a brooder releasing 78.4 ± 65.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) planula larvae throughout the year, a possible adaptation to low seasonality. Planulae had a length of 905 ± 114 µm and showed a well-developed gastrovascular system. After 8 ± 9.3 days (d), the larvae settled, underwent metamorphosis and developed the first set of tentacles after 2 ± 1.5 d. Skeletogenesis, zooplankton feeding and initiation of the fourth set of tentacles started 5 ± 2.1 d later, 21 ± 12.9 d, and 895 ± 45.9 d after settlement, respectively. Our study shows that the ontogenetic timing of C. huinayensis is comparable to that of some tropical corals, despite lacking zooxanthellae.

Original language	English
Article number	2593
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29620-x
State	Published - 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Julian Bartsch, Anita Hartig, Paul Kluwer, Janis Müller and especially Esther Lüdtke and Ulrike Holtz for untiring assistance in the maintenance corals; the staff of Huinay Scientific Field Station for field support. The research is part of the Ph.D. project of T.H. at the University of Bremen, carried out at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). T.H., J.L. and C.R. were supported by AWI (PACES II, and ‘Changing Earth – Sustaining our Future’, Topic 4.2 and 6.1). T.H. received additional financial support by the National Geographic Society, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile. Drawings and images were created by T.H. Jonas Hagemann designed the schematic drawings in Fig. 8. Histological cuts and staining were performed by Petra Kohse-Kordes, Institut für Pathologie, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikverbund Bremen, Germany. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Specimens were exported from Chile under CITES permits 14CL000003WS, 14CL000014WS, 15CL000004WS, 19CL000015WS, and imported to Germany under permits E00154/14, E00095/15, E00725/15, and E08854/19. G.F. and V.H. gratefully acknowledge Fondecyt project No. 1201717. H.E.G. acknowledges additional support from Fondap-IDEAL 15150003.

Funding Information:
We thank Julian Bartsch, Anita Hartig, Paul Kluwer, Janis Müller and especially Esther Lüdtke and Ulrike Holtz for untiring assistance in the maintenance corals; the staff of Huinay Scientific Field Station for field support. The research is part of the Ph.D. project of T.H. at the University of Bremen, carried out at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). T.H., J.L. and C.R. were supported by AWI (PACES II, and ‘Changing Earth – Sustaining our Future’, Topic 4.2 and 6.1). T.H. received additional financial support by the National Geographic Society, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile. Drawings and images were created by T.H. Jonas Hagemann designed the schematic drawings in Fig. . Histological cuts and staining were performed by Petra Kohse-Kordes, Institut für Pathologie, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikverbund Bremen, Germany. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Specimens were exported from Chile under CITES permits 14CL000003WS, 14CL000014WS, 15CL000004WS, 19CL000015WS, and imported to Germany under permits E00154/14, E00095/15, E00725/15, and E08854/19. G.F. and V.H. gratefully acknowledge Fondecyt project No. 1201717. H.E.G. acknowledges additional support from Fondap-IDEAL 15150003.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).

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General

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10.1038/s41598-023-29620-x

Cite this

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title = "Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis",

abstract = "Little is known about the biology of cold-water corals (CWCs), let alone the reproduction and early life stages of these important deep-sea foundation species. Through a three-year aquarium experiment, we described the reproductive mode, larval release periodicity, planktonic stage, larval histology, metamorphosis and post-larval development of the solitary scleractinian CWC Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis collected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. We found that C. huinayensis is a brooder releasing 78.4 ± 65.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) planula larvae throughout the year, a possible adaptation to low seasonality. Planulae had a length of 905 ± 114 µm and showed a well-developed gastrovascular system. After 8 ± 9.3 days (d), the larvae settled, underwent metamorphosis and developed the first set of tentacles after 2 ± 1.5 d. Skeletogenesis, zooplankton feeding and initiation of the fourth set of tentacles started 5 ± 2.1 d later, 21 ± 12.9 d, and 895 ± 45.9 d after settlement, respectively. Our study shows that the ontogenetic timing of C. huinayensis is comparable to that of some tropical corals, despite lacking zooxanthellae.",

author = "Thomas Heran and J{\"u}rgen Laudien and Waller, {Rhian G.} and Verena H{\"a}ussermann and G{\"u}nter F{\"o}rsterra and Gonz{\'a}lez, {Humberto E.} and Claudio Richter",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Julian Bartsch, Anita Hartig, Paul Kluwer, Janis M{\"u}ller and especially Esther L{\"u}dtke and Ulrike Holtz for untiring assistance in the maintenance corals; the staff of Huinay Scientific Field Station for field support. The research is part of the Ph.D. project of T.H. at the University of Bremen, carried out at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). T.H., J.L. and C.R. were supported by AWI (PACES II, and {\textquoteleft}Changing Earth – Sustaining our Future{\textquoteright}, Topic 4.2 and 6.1). T.H. received additional financial support by the National Geographic Society, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile. Drawings and images were created by T.H. Jonas Hagemann designed the schematic drawings in Fig. 8. Histological cuts and staining were performed by Petra Kohse-Kordes, Institut f{\"u}r Pathologie, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikverbund Bremen, Germany. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar- und Meeresforschung. Specimens were exported from Chile under CITES permits 14CL000003WS, 14CL000014WS, 15CL000004WS, 19CL000015WS, and imported to Germany under permits E00154/14, E00095/15, E00725/15, and E08854/19. G.F. and V.H. gratefully acknowledge Fondecyt project No. 1201717. H.E.G. acknowledges additional support from Fondap-IDEAL 15150003. Funding Information: We thank Julian Bartsch, Anita Hartig, Paul Kluwer, Janis M{\"u}ller and especially Esther L{\"u}dtke and Ulrike Holtz for untiring assistance in the maintenance corals; the staff of Huinay Scientific Field Station for field support. The research is part of the Ph.D. project of T.H. at the University of Bremen, carried out at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). T.H., J.L. and C.R. were supported by AWI (PACES II, and {\textquoteleft}Changing Earth – Sustaining our Future{\textquoteright}, Topic 4.2 and 6.1). T.H. received additional financial support by the National Geographic Society, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile. Drawings and images were created by T.H. Jonas Hagemann designed the schematic drawings in Fig. . Histological cuts and staining were performed by Petra Kohse-Kordes, Institut f{\"u}r Pathologie, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikverbund Bremen, Germany. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar- und Meeresforschung. Specimens were exported from Chile under CITES permits 14CL000003WS, 14CL000014WS, 15CL000004WS, 19CL000015WS, and imported to Germany under permits E00154/14, E00095/15, E00725/15, and E08854/19. G.F. and V.H. gratefully acknowledge Fondecyt project No. 1201717. H.E.G. acknowledges additional support from Fondap-IDEAL 15150003. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1038/s41598-023-29620-x",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Scientific Reports",

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T1 - Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis

AU - Heran, Thomas

AU - Laudien, Jürgen

AU - Waller, Rhian G.

AU - Häussermann, Verena

AU - Försterra, Günter

AU - González, Humberto E.

AU - Richter, Claudio

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Julian Bartsch, Anita Hartig, Paul Kluwer, Janis Müller and especially Esther Lüdtke and Ulrike Holtz for untiring assistance in the maintenance corals; the staff of Huinay Scientific Field Station for field support. The research is part of the Ph.D. project of T.H. at the University of Bremen, carried out at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). T.H., J.L. and C.R. were supported by AWI (PACES II, and ‘Changing Earth – Sustaining our Future’, Topic 4.2 and 6.1). T.H. received additional financial support by the National Geographic Society, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile. Drawings and images were created by T.H. Jonas Hagemann designed the schematic drawings in Fig. 8. Histological cuts and staining were performed by Petra Kohse-Kordes, Institut für Pathologie, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikverbund Bremen, Germany. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Specimens were exported from Chile under CITES permits 14CL000003WS, 14CL000014WS, 15CL000004WS, 19CL000015WS, and imported to Germany under permits E00154/14, E00095/15, E00725/15, and E08854/19. G.F. and V.H. gratefully acknowledge Fondecyt project No. 1201717. H.E.G. acknowledges additional support from Fondap-IDEAL 15150003. Funding Information: We thank Julian Bartsch, Anita Hartig, Paul Kluwer, Janis Müller and especially Esther Lüdtke and Ulrike Holtz for untiring assistance in the maintenance corals; the staff of Huinay Scientific Field Station for field support. The research is part of the Ph.D. project of T.H. at the University of Bremen, carried out at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). T.H., J.L. and C.R. were supported by AWI (PACES II, and ‘Changing Earth – Sustaining our Future’, Topic 4.2 and 6.1). T.H. received additional financial support by the National Geographic Society, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile. Drawings and images were created by T.H. Jonas Hagemann designed the schematic drawings in Fig. . Histological cuts and staining were performed by Petra Kohse-Kordes, Institut für Pathologie, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikverbund Bremen, Germany. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Specimens were exported from Chile under CITES permits 14CL000003WS, 14CL000014WS, 15CL000004WS, 19CL000015WS, and imported to Germany under permits E00154/14, E00095/15, E00725/15, and E08854/19. G.F. and V.H. gratefully acknowledge Fondecyt project No. 1201717. H.E.G. acknowledges additional support from Fondap-IDEAL 15150003. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).

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N2 - Little is known about the biology of cold-water corals (CWCs), let alone the reproduction and early life stages of these important deep-sea foundation species. Through a three-year aquarium experiment, we described the reproductive mode, larval release periodicity, planktonic stage, larval histology, metamorphosis and post-larval development of the solitary scleractinian CWC Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis collected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. We found that C. huinayensis is a brooder releasing 78.4 ± 65.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) planula larvae throughout the year, a possible adaptation to low seasonality. Planulae had a length of 905 ± 114 µm and showed a well-developed gastrovascular system. After 8 ± 9.3 days (d), the larvae settled, underwent metamorphosis and developed the first set of tentacles after 2 ± 1.5 d. Skeletogenesis, zooplankton feeding and initiation of the fourth set of tentacles started 5 ± 2.1 d later, 21 ± 12.9 d, and 895 ± 45.9 d after settlement, respectively. Our study shows that the ontogenetic timing of C. huinayensis is comparable to that of some tropical corals, despite lacking zooxanthellae.

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Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis

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