CuO Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial/Antiviral Applications

Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit superior antimicrobial activity because of their distinct structural morphology (particle size and shape). However, the antimicrobial performance of most NPs is associated with several shortcomings, which limit their practical applications. Various synthetic approaches have been employed to evaluate the correlation between controlled particle size and antimicrobial properties of NPs. This chapter focuses on the utilization of CuO nanoparticles in antimicrobial and antiviral applications. It explores the various synthesis methods for producing CuO nanoparticles. The chapter also discusses the toxicity of CuO nanoparticles toward normal and other cells, considering factors, such as: size, shape, and concentration. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the mechanism of action of CuO nanoparticles, which involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upon interaction with microorganisms. It covers the characterization techniques employed to study the properties of CuO nanoparticles. The chapter reviews the recent literature on the application of CuO nanoparticles in antimicrobial and antiviral fields (COVID-19). It highlights their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Finally, the chapter will highlight the challenges and future directions in the field of CuO nanoparticles for antimicrobial and antiviral applications.