Comparative Electromyographic Study of Scapular Stabilizing Muscles during Five Main Rehabilitation Exercises

Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo, Felipe Araya-Quintanilla, Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz, Joaquín Salazar-Mendez, Carlos Cruz-Montecinos, Kelly R. Berckmans, Joaquín Calatayud*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Objective The aim of the study is to compare the surface electromyographic amplitude, activation ratio, and onset latency of the main scapular stabilizing muscles between five typical rehabilitative exercises. Design Twenty-seven healthy participants performed five scapular exercises (wall slide, wall push-up plus, prone horizontal abduction with external rotation, external rotation in side lying, and low row) while simultaneously recording surface electromyographic of serratus anterior, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and upper trapezius. Surface electromyographic amplitudes, onset latencies, and activation ratios were calculated. Results Prone horizontal abduction with external rotation showed an excellent upper trapezius/middle trapezius (0.43) and upper trapezius/lower trapezius (0.30) muscle balance with high (>50% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) middle trapezius and lower trapezius amplitudes, a low (<20% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) upper trapezius amplitude, and an early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles (-474.7 to 89.9 ms) relative to upper trapezius. External rotation in side lying showed excellent upper trapezius/serratus anterior (0.26), upper trapezius/middle trapezius (0.32), and upper trapezius/lower trapezius (0.21) activation ratios and, along with low row and wall slide, showed early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles (-378.1 to -26.6 ms). Conclusions Prone horizontal abduction with external rotation presented optimal scapular neuromuscular control. Although external rotation in side lying, low row, and wall slide did not meet all the criteria associated with optimal scapular neuromuscular control, these exercises could be used in early stages of shoulder rehabilitation because they favor early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)502-509
Number of pages8
JournalAmerican Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume103
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
  • Rehabilitation

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