Association of eating behaviour with clock gene polymorphism 3111 T > C in children based on nutritional status

Background: The CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycle kaput) gene is a central regulator of circadian rhythm. The CLOCK gene has been related to energy intake and therefore to nutritional status. However, its specific associations with aspects of food behaviour in children have been scarcely investigated. Aim: To determine the association between the CLOCK gene polymorphism 3111 T > C and eating behaviours in children based on nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the association between a CLOCK gene variant and eating behaviour in children (n = 256) was performed. Eating behaviour was evaluated by the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). In addition, the genotype of the CLOCK 3111 T > C (TT, CC, TC) gene polymorphism and BMI were determined. Results: The obese carriers of the C allele of the polymorphism had lower scores in the dimensions “response to satiety” and “slowness to eat” (p < 0.001), both of which constitute an anti-intake dimension and are related to food satiety. Conclusions: The C allele CLOCK gene could be considered a genetic risk factor for satiety-altered eating behaviour dimensions.